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Dr D.Mennecier

 29/08/02

Hypertension portale


Physiopathologie

L'hypertension portale procède de deux phénomènes

Médiateur responsable de cette hyperkinésie circulatoire


Physiopathologie de la gastropathie congestive

Explorations

La pression des varices oesophagiennes peut être mesurée par ponction directe mais difficile

L'utilisation de l'échographie Doppler

La résonance magnétique nucléaire permet la mesure du flux sanguin portal et serait plus performante que l'échographie Doppler dans l'évaluation de l'hypertension portale

 

Traitements

Hémorragies

Traitements médicamenteux

Sclérose et ligature endoscopique

Anastomoses porto-systémiques intra-hépatiques transjugulaires (TIPS)

TIPS taux élevé d'obstructions : 30 % à un an et jusqu'à 60 % à deux ans: traitement temporaire réservé à des patients dont l'espérance de vie est brève ou en attente de transplantation

Ascite

La rétention hydro-sodée qui accompagne l'hypertension portale est généralement considérée comme une conséquence de la vasodilatation secondaire au développement des collatérales porto-systémiques

Les patients ascitiques ont un débit sanguin rénal et une pression de perfusion rénale inférieurs à ceux de patients cirrhotiques exempts d'ascite.



Références Bibliographiques :

Article de base ayant permis la réalisation de ce résumé :

Hypertension portale
  
Jean-Pierre VINEL   

Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, CHU Purpan,
31059 Toulouse, France.

Hépato-Gastro. Vol. 2, n° 2, mars-avril 1995 : 173-80

Copyright - Editions John Libbey Eurotext


Articles référencés à connaitre:


L'importance des références est indiquée par :
* article intéressant
** article très important

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26. De Franchis R, Arcidiacono PG, Carpinelli L, Andreoni B, Cestari L, Brunati S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of desmopressin plus terlipressin vs terlipressin alone for the treatment of acute variceal hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients : a multicenter, double-blind study. Hepatology 1993 ; 18 : 1102-7.

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29. McCormick PA, Greenslade L, Chin J, Dick R, McIntyre N, Burroughs AK. The effect of the combination of octreotide and metoclopramide on azygos blood flow in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993 ; 5 : 839-43.

** 30. Sylvain CH, Carpentier S, Sautereau D, Czernichow B, Metreau JM, Fort E, et al. Terlipressin plus transdermal nitroglycerin vs octreotide in the control of acute bleeding from esophageal varices : a multicenter randomized trial. Hepatology 1993 ; 18 : 61-5.

** 31. Sung JJY, Chung SCS, Lai CW, Chan FKL, Leung JWC, Yung MY, et al. Octreotide infusion or emergency sclerotherapy for variceal haemorrhage. Lancet 1993 ; 342 : 637-41.

32. Cales P, Caillau H, Crambes O, Vinel JP, Desmorat H, Rocher I, et al. Hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of tertatolol in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and portal hypertension. J Hepatol 1993 ; 19 : 43-50.

* 33. Um S, Nishida O, Tokubayashi M, Kimura F, Kita T. Nipradilol, a new ß-blocker with vasodilatory properties, in experimental portal hypertension : a comparative haemodynamic study with propranolol. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993 ; 8 : 414-9.

* 34. Oshuga M, Cailmail S, Lebrec D. Hemodynamic effects of nipradilol, a new ß-adrenergic antagonist combined with a nitroxy base, in rats with intra- or extra-hepatic portal hypertension. J Hepatol 1993 ; 17 : 236-40.

* 35. Vorobioff J, Picabea E, Gamen M, Villavicencio R, Bordato J, Bessone F, et al. Propranolol compared with propranolol plus isosorbide dinitrate in portal-hypertensive patients : long term hemodynamic and renal effects. Hepatology 1993 ; 18 : 477-84.

36. Salmeron JM, Ruiz Del Arbol L, Gines A, Garcia-Pagan JC, Gines P, Feu F, et al. Renal effects of acute isosorbide-5-mononitrate administration in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1993 ; 17 : 800-6.

37. Polio J, Sieber CC, Lerner F, Grozsmann RJ. Cardiovascular hyporesponsiveness to norepinephrine, propranolol and nitroglycerin in portal hypertensive and aged rats. Hepatology 1993 ; 18 : 128-36.

38. Pötzi R, Bauer P, Schöfl R, Reichel W, Kerstan E, Renner F, et al. Prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis. Long term follow-up and final results of a multicenter prospective controlled randomized trial in Vienna. Endoscopy 1993 ; 25 : 287-9.

* 39. Van Thiel DH, Dindzans VJ, Schade RR, Rabinovitch M, Gavaler JS. Prophylactic versus emergency sclerotherapy of large esophageal varices prior to liver transplantation. Dig Dis Sciences 1993 ; 38 : 1505-10.

* 40. Lin CY, Lin PW, Tsai HM, Lin XZ, Chang TT, Shin JS. Influence of paraesophageal venous collaterals on efficacy of endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Hepatology 1994 ; 19 : 602-8.

41. Fiacadori F, Pedretti G, Biraghi M, Arcidiacono R. Terlipressin and endoscopic sclerotherapy control variceal bleeding and prevent early rebleeding in cirrhotic patients. Current Therap Res 1993 ; 54 : 519-28.

42. Acharya SK, Dasarathy S, Saksena S, Pande JN. A randomized study to evaluate propranolol in patients undergoing long-term endoscopic sclerotherapy. J Hepatol 1993 ; 19 : 291-300.

43. Lo GH, Lai KH, Lee SD, Tsai YT, Lo KJ. Does propranolol maintain post-sclerotherapy variceal obliteration ? A prospective randomized study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993 ; 8 : 358-62.

** 44 Teres J, Bosch J, Bordas JM, Garcia-Pagan JC, Feu F, Cirera I, et al. Propranolol versus sclerotherapy in preventing variceal rebleeding : a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1993 ; 105 : 1508-14.

* 45. Gimson AES, Ramage JK, Panos MZ, Hayllar K, Harrison PM. Randomised trial of variceal banding ligation versus injection sclerotherapy for bleeding oesophageal varices. Lancet 1993 ; 342 : 391-4.

* 46. Laine L, El-Newihi HM, Migikovsky B, Sloane R, Garcia F. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Am Intern Med 1993 ; 119 : 1-7.

** 47. Rikkers LF, Jin G, Burnett DA, Buchi KN, Cormier RA. Shunt surgery versus endoscopic sclerotherapy for variceal hemorrhage : late results of a randomized trial. Am J Surg 1993 ; 27-33.

* 48. Rolando N, Gimson A, Philpott-Howard J, Sahathevan M, Casewell M, Fagan E, et al. Infectious sequelae after endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices : role of antibiotic prophylaxis. J Hepatol 1993 ; 18 : 290-4.

49. Juhl CO, Jensen LS, Steiniche T, Moussat E. Recombinant human epidermal growth factor prevent sclerotherapy-induced esophageal ulcer and stricture formations in pigs. Dig Dis Science 1994 ; 39 : 393-401.

** 50. Laberge JM, Ring EJ, Gordon RL, Lake JR, Doherty MM, Somberg KA, et al. Creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts with the Wallstent endoprosthesis : results in 100 patients. Radiology 1993 ; 187 : 407-12.

** 51. Rössle M, Haag K, Ochs A, Sellinger M, Nöldge G, Perarnau JM, et al. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt procedure for variceal bleeding. N Engl J Med 1994 ; 330 : 165-71.

52. Perarnau JM, Raabe JJ, Schwing D, Rucin B, Monchovet S, Rössle M, et al. Anastomoses porto-cave intra-hépatique par voie transjugulaire. Résultats préliminaires. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1993 ; 17 : 422-30.

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** 55. Helton WS, Belshaw A, Althaus S, Park S, Codwell D, Johansen K. Critical appraisial of the angiographic protacaval shunt (TIPS). Am J Med 1993 ; 165 : 566-71.

56. Rousseau H, Vinel JP, Bilbao JI, Longo JM, Maquin P, Zozaya JM, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts using the Wallstent prosthesis : a follow-up study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1994 ; 17 : 7-11.

* 57. Conn HO. Transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic shunts : the state of the art. Hepatology 1993 ; 17 : 148-58.

58. Kuradusenge PH, Rousseau H, Vinel JP, Maquin P, Croizet O, Coustet B, et al. Traitement des hémorragies par rupture de varices cardio-tubérositaires par anastomoses porto-systémique intra-hépatique par voie tranjugulaire. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1993 ; 17 : 431-4.

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60. Katz JA, Rubin RA, Cope C, Holland G, Brass CA. Recurrent bleeding from anorectal varices : successful treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Am J Gastroenterol 1993 ; 88 : 1104-7.

61. Soyer PH, Lacheheb D, Zeitoun G, Parmentier G, Hay JM, Levesque M. Hémorragie digestive par gastropathie congestive chez un malade atteint de cirrhose : traitement en urgence par anastomose portosystémique intra-hépatique transjugulaire. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1993 ; 17 : 130-3.

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68. Haskal ZJ, Pentecost MJ, Rubin RA. Hepatic arterial injury after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts placement : report of two cases. Radiology 1993 ; 188 : 85-8.

69. Albillos A, Colombato LA, Lee FY, Groszmann RJ. Octreotide ameliorates vasodilatation and Na+ retention in portal hypertensive rats. Gastroenterology 1993 ; 104 : 575-9.

70. Moreau R, Gaudin C, Hadengue A, Braillon A, Roulot D, Bacq Y, et al. Renal hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis : relationship with ascites and liver failure. Nephron 1993 ; 65 : 359-63.

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73. Bernardi M, Laffi G, Salvagnini M, Azzena G, Bonato S, Marra F, et al. Efficacy and safety of the stepped care medical treatment of ascites in liver cirrhosis : a randomized controlled trial comparing two diets with different sodium content. Liver 1993 ; 13 : 156-62.

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77. Gerbes AL, Bertheau-Rheitha U, Falkner C, Jüngst D, Paumgartner G. Advantages of the new loop diuretic torasemide over furosemide in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. J Hepatol 1993 ; 17 : 353-8.

* 78. Sola R, Vila MC, Andreu M, Oliver MI, Coll S, Gana J, et al. Total paracentesis with dextran 40 vs diuretics in the treatment of ascites in cirrhosis : a randomized controlled study. J Hepatol 1994 ; 20 : 282-8.

79. Garcia-Compean D, Villareal JZ, Cuevas HB, Garcia Cantu DA, Estrella M, et al. Total therapeutic paracentesis (TTP) with and without intravenous albumin in the treatment of cirrhotic tense ascites : a randomized controlled study. Liver 1993 ; 233-8.

80. Chao Y, Wang SS, Lee SD, Shiao GM, Chang HI, Chang SS. Effect of large volume paracentesis on pulmonary function in patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites. J Hepatol 1994 ; 20 : 101-5.

81. Berkowitz KA, Butensky MS, Smith RL. Pulmonary function changes after large volume paracentesis. Am J Gastroenterol 1993 ; 88 : 905-7.

* 82. Hilaire S, Labianca M, Borgonovo G, Smadja C, Grange D, Franco D. Peritoneovenous shunting of intractable ascites in patients with cirrhosis : improving results and predictive factors of failure. Surgery 1993 ; 113 : 373-9.

** 83. Gines A, Escorsell A, Gines P, Salo J, Jimenez W, Inglada L, et al. Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of the hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites. Gastroenterology 1993 ; 105 : 229-36.

84. Gines A, Salmeron JM, Gines P, Arroyo V, Jimenez W, Rivera F, et al. Oral misoprostol or intravenous prostaglandin E2 do not improve renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites with hyponatremia or renal failure. J Hepatol 1993 ; 17 : 220-6.

* 85. Toledo C, Salmeron JM, Rimola A, Navasa M, Arroyo V, Llach J, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis : predictive factors of infection resolution and survival in patients treated with cefotaxime. Hepatology 1993 ; 17 : 251-7.
 
 
 

 

 


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